mozart paris symphony program notes

The leading composers of the day had written grand tragic operas for the great theater of Elector Carl Theodor, and when Mozart met the Elector, he confessed that he would like to write an opera for his forces. 31 "Paris" performed by students of the Royal College of Music", List of symphonies by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, List of spurious/doubtful Mozart symphonies, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Symphony_No._31_(Mozart)&oldid=994153432, Articles with German-language sources (de), Articles with International Music Score Library Project links, Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz work identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WorldCat-VIAF identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 14 December 2020, at 09:48. Mozart seems to have been the sort of openhanded type who could never stop spending money faster than he earned it, and when the Viennese public found other novelties for amusement, Mozart’s star began to fall. "[8], "The Autograph Manuscripts and Early Performances of Mozart's, International Music Score Library Project, "Mozart:Symphony No. The young composer, just twenty‑one and ready to spread his wings, was captivated by the music‑making in Mannheim (and equally captivated by a soprano named Aloysia Weber, but that’s another story). On June 18 it was played in public in the same city by the Concert Spirituel. His last three symphonies, K. 543, 550, and 551, were all composed during the summer of 1788, probably for a series of subscription concerts that seem not to have taken place. By June 1788 Mozart’s fortunes had entered on the long, steady decline that culminated in his death, at age thirty-five, three-and-a-half years later. But Mozart liked ensembles, in which various characters can express their feelings together. 31 PROKOFIEV Violin Concerto No. Mozart in the Afternoon Series. The number of string players is (as usual) not specified in the score, but Sadie remarks that at the premiere there were 22 violins, five violas, eight cellos, and five basses. [5] The work was published in Paris by Sieber and announced for sale 20 February 1779. When Mozart returned to Salzburg, he tried his hand at several pieces in this new form, and the three MAGNIFICENT MOZART PROGRAM NOTES Neither opera, then, had much improved the Mozart family exchequer, and by early June 1788, only weeks after the Vienna premiere of Don Giovanni, Mozart was forced to write to his friend and fellow Mason, Michael Puchberg, requesting the loan of 100 gulden. Having been told that his work would be of no interest as a theatrical piece, he put it aside for a decade. He completed the serenade on November 4, the overture two weeks later. Duration is about 28 minutes. The “lieto fine” (happy ending) required by the Metastasian operatic style allowed the leading characters to personify a world of reason and forgiveness, a world of self‑control, where rulers do not descend to bloodshed as easily as they do in ours. The score calls for two oboes, two bassoons, four horns, and strings. The Marianne Williams Tobias Program Note Annotator Chair Mozart was riding the crest of his popularity as a composer and pianist in Vienna when he premiered his Piano Concerto, Number 21 on March 9, 1785 at the Burg Theater, in one of his subscription concerts. 23 in A major, K. 488 BORN: January 27, 1756, in Salzburg DIED: December 5, 1791, in Vienna WORK COMPOSED: early in 1786 WORLD PREMIERE: Unknown, but almost certainly March 1786, in Vienna, with the composer playing the solo part and conducting from the keyboard. He adds, "[Mozart's father] Leopold remarked that, to judge by the Parisian symphonies he had seen, the French must like noisy symphonies."[8]. Just as we seem about to settle onto the dominant, ready to begin the Allegro, the activity decelerates and we are confronted with a stark, hushed chromatic figure recalling some of the “uncanny” moments in Don Giovanni. 99 was composed in early 1794 prior to Haydn's arrival in London. We can be sure that poet and composer were personally acquainted by 1892, when they both attended a performance of Maeterlinck’s drama Pelléas et Mélisande, and it is certainly likely that they discussed the musical possibilities of Mallarmé’s “Faune.” Debussy began composition of the Prelude that year, along with most of the other compositions that were to occupy him for the next decade: his String Quartet, the opera Pelléas et Mélisande, the Nocturnes for orchestra, and a number of songs. 39. Among these delicious moments are the woodwind additions to the main theme in the strings at the recapitulation. 2 BARBER Adagio for Strings HAYDN Symphony No. Finally, the following year, he brought out his first book, which contained the text of the eclogue entitled “L’Après-midi d’un faune.” Mallarmé continued to hope for a theatrical performance; as late as 1891 he promised in print to produce a new version for the theater. Symphony No. Its first performance took place in St. Petersburg on October 30, 1881. For this event Mozart was given an extraordinary ensemble—the finest orchestra in Europe (the Mannheim orchestra, which had recently been moved to Munich) with twice the usual number of strings and a full wind complement including, for the first time in Mozart’s experience, clarinets. The dates of the first performances are unknown. Mozart's 1778 six month trip to Paris was a difficult time for him personally and professionally, according to SPSO program notes. The melodic line of the introduction only comes to a close in the opening phrase of the smiling allegro theme in the violins (with echoes in horns and bassoons), a calm pastoral scene following the tension of the preceding passage. Of his 50-odd symphonies, produced between 1764 and 1788, the earliest ones are conventional but precocious, reflecting influences of Johann Christian Bach, Giovanni Battista Sammartini, and Joseph Haydn. In the meantime, the Elector of Mannheim had inherited the Wittelsbach throne, so the court (and the whole extensive musical establishment) moved to Munich. It may have been first of his symphonies to be published when Seiber released their edition in 1779. Kansas Cty Symphony PROGRAM NOTES By Ken Meltzer 28 2018/19 Season kcsymphony.org | WOLFGANG AMADEUS MOZART (1756-1791) Symphony No. But the serenade, on the contrary, I wrote from inner compulsion. In 1875, Mallarmé tried to get his work published as “Improvisation du faune” in a literary anthology, again without success. They are all either educational pieces, which could serve students well, or small and easy compositions that might be expected to have a good sale when published. Tickets for this event will be available for purchase at Woolsey Hall beginning at 6:30pm. Mozart’s choice of clarinets instead of oboes produces a gentler woodwind sonority especially appropriate to the autumnal lyricism of Symphony No. Debussy’s success in obtaining this fluid, pastel effect can be measured by the fact that musicians still argue about where the various sections begin and end. The sheer speed is daunting. The first of the three, in E-flat major, was completed on June 26; we have no record that any of these symphonies was ever performed in Mozart’s lifetime, though he is unlikely to have composed something as elaborate as a symphony (much less three of them) purely “on spec,” and he must have anticipated some concert series on which they would be heard. How astonishing, then, to realize that between the last two letters cited he composed the Symphony No. The slow movement, in A‑flat, opens with deceptive simplicity; it is, in fact, a richly detailed movement, with progressive elaborations of the material throughout. [1], The work was composed in 1778 during Mozart's unsuccessful job-hunting sojourn in Paris. Program Notes: Mozart & Beethoven Conductor Xian Zhang leads the Seattle Symphony in music by William Grant Still, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, and Ludwig van Beethoven on Thursday, September 24, 2020 at 7:30pm on Seattle Symphony Live . Duration is about 29 minutes. He began composing the Prélude à l’Après-midi d’un faune in 1892 and completed the full score on October 23, 1894. In fact, Idomeneo was the finest opera seria composed in many years‑‑perhaps ever. 31 in D major, K. 297/300a, better known as the Paris Symphony, is one of the most famous symphonies by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. This, the most lyrical of the final three symphonies, gives no hint of the composer’s distraught condition (thus eloquently disproving the old romantic fallacy that a composer’s music was little more than a reflection of his state of mind). He was supposed to write a piece of music for the twenty-fifth anniversary of Tsar Alexander II’s accession to the throne, since the government hoped to generate a little enthusiasm for the ruler, who had recently been the subject of some assassination attempts. The first movement opens with a stately slow introduction with dotted rhythms providing a nervous background for scale figures (which recur in the body of the movement), culminating in a grindingly dissonant appoggiatura. One of the most “French” elements of Idomeneo in its original Munich production (though one that has not been included in many performances since) is the extended ballet at the very end of the opera, after all the singing has ended. Program Notes Home: Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (January 27, 1756–December 5, 1791) Allegro; Andante; Allegro; In the summer of 1778, Mozart and his mother left Salzburg on a fateful journey to Paris, in search of a salaried position for 22-year-old Wolfgang. Duration is about 23 minutes. In order to accomplish this aim, Mozart proposed to his librettist, a Salzburg cleric named Abbé Giambattista Varesco, that the story be cast more in the French manner, with ensembles and choruses to vary the texture. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, posthumous painting by Barbara Kraft, 1819. Deutsch lists several further performances at the Concert Spirituel during 1779, on 18 and 23 March, 23 May, and 3 June; and on 14 May 1780. PROGRAM NOTES by Phillip Huscher Wolfgang Mozart Born January 27, 1756, Salzburg, Austria. WOLFGANG AMADÈ MOZART (1756-1791)Symphony No. The resulting work is rich in elaborate choruses, and it boasts some superb ensemble numbers as well, including a great climactic quartet. 4 Bizet – Symphony in C Major Beethoven – Piano Concerto No. The original plan was to have a series of staged tableaux accompanied by music, each scene to be set by a different composer, chosen by lot. Mozart did not compose very much while in Paris. Probably he wrote all three of the symphonies with the aim of introducing them at his own concerts. Symphony No. The finale is often called the most Haydnesque movement Mozart ever wrote, largely because it is nearly monothematic. The symphony is notable for having an unusually large instrumentation for its time, made possible by the large orchestra available to Mozart during his time in Paris. The actual thematic matter is relatively conventional, more a matter of figures than melodies, but there is not development as such, and most of the working-out of ideas comes at their presentation. PROGRAM NOTES by Paul Schiavo WOLFGANG AMADEUS MOZART Piano Concerto No. It has vigorous, stirring tuttis, with a lively violin line and an active line for the basses, lending the music extra animation. PYOTR ILYICH TCHAIKOVSKY (1840-1893)Serenade in C for Strings, Opus 48. There are 2 flutes, 2 oboes, 2 clarinets in A, 2 bassoons, 2 horns, 2 trumpets, timpani, and strings. Mozart Masonic Funeral Music, K. 477 Mozart Symphony No. Achille-Claude Debussy was born at St. Germain-en-Laye, Department of Seine-et-Oise, France, on August 22, 1862, and died in Paris on March 25, 1918. This was Mozart’s first symphony … 29 in A Major, his third (and last) in that key, was finished in 1774. Again on June 17 he needed money to pay his landlord and asked Puchberg for a few hundred gulden “until tomorrow.” Yet again on the 27th he wrote to thank Puchberg for the money so freely lent him, but also to report that he needed still more and did not know where to turn for it. The development section is one of the shortest in any Mozart symphony, never moving far afield harmonically. It is not surprising that he felt unable to do anything with such a topic; his creative inertia took the form of a variety of activities to help him avoid composing: revising earlier works, proofreading scores, and renewing his study of English in the hopes of eventually being able to read his favorite English authors, Dickens, Thackeray, and Shakespeare. But it is hardly likely that Mozart would have composed three whole symphonies at a time when he was in desperate financial straits if he didn’t have some hope of using them in a practical way to support his family. 31 PROKOFIEV Violin Concerto No. Finally, though, while living at Kamenka, the home of his sister and her family (and long one of Tchaikovsky’s favorite retreats), he began work on a composition for the Silver Jubilee Exposition. His first letter to Puchberg referred to “concerts in the Casino,” from which he hoped to obtain subscription money in order to repay his debts. It is clear from these letters that Mozart was in serious financial difficulty (a situation that was only just beginning to change at the time of his death). Michael Steinberg, the San Francisco Symphony’s program annotator from 1979 to 1999 and a contributing writer to our program book until his death in 2009, was one of the nation’s pre-eminent writers on music. Throughout his life, he was also interested in music; he had even written an essay on Wagner for the “Revue wagnerienne” in 1885. 39 in E-flat major, K.543, was completed on June 26, 1788. [6], The symphony was later performed in the Burgtheater in Vienna on 11 March 1783 during a benefit concert for Mozart's sister-in-law, the singer Aloysia Weber.[7]. The score calls for three flutes, two oboes and English horn, two clarinets, two bassoons, four horns, crotales, two harps, and strings. The Symphony No. At the same time, purely for his own satisfaction, he wrote a serenade for string orchestra, a late-nineteenth-century equivalent of the Classical divertimento. In Paris, Mozart's mother is very sick, and she will die shortly after the premiere of this new symphony, his 31st, still known as the "Paris". Menuetto—Trio—Menuetto da capo IV. The work received a positive review in the June 26 issue of the Courrier de l'Europe, published in London: The Concert Spirituel on Corpus Christi Day began with a symphony by M. Mozart. Tickets: $15 – $74; KidTix Free with Adult; College Students $10. During the years 1782 to 1788, Sieber's catalog described it as "in the repertoire of the Concert Spirituel". Program Notes, 2019-20 Season. One of the greatest miracles in the history of music is Mozart’s achievement in the summer of 1788, composing his last three symphonies all in the space of six weeks. The Symphony No. Portrait of Johann Peter Salomon by Thomas Hardy, 1792. In January 1779 Mozart reluctantly returned to Salzburg after a disastrous two-year trip to Germany and Paris. Joannes Chrisostomus Wolfgang Gottlieb Mozart, who began to call himself Wolfgango Amadeo about 1770 and Wolfgang Amadè in 1777, was born in Salzburg, Austria, on January 27, 1756 and died in Vienna on December 5, 1791. The safety of patrons, musicians and staff remains the Symphony’s top priority. Tchaikovsky spent most of the year 1880 in the country, part of the time installed at Simaki, a small house on one of the estates of his patroness, Nadezhda von Meck, where, as always, he carefully avoided personal contact with the woman whom he addressed as “Dearest Friend” in a long and intensely personal series of letters covering the years of her support. 102. Gesellschaft der Musikfreunde, Vienna. 102. The careful bridging of sections, so that nothing ever quite comes to a full close without suggesting continuation, effectively blurs what is, after all, a fairly straightforward ABA form. Then came Don Giovanni, composed for the citizens of Prague who had taken Figaro completely to their hearts. On February 10, 1794 Solomon presented the premiere as part of a concert at Hanover Square that included a piano concerto by Dusseck and a new violin concerto by Viotti (with the composer doing the solo honors). )[4], The work evidently was popular. Following a passage on the nearby key of A‑flat, a vigorous modulation seems to be leading to C minor, but at the last moment a wonderful woodwind extension brings it around to the home key and ushers in the recapitulation. The principal theme, beginning with a group of scurrying sixteenth‑notes followed by a hiccup, produces a series of motives that carry the bulk of the discourse. Symphony No. Mozart & Mendelssohn. Even more impressive is the striking variety between the three works, each of which has a character and mood all its own. Bianca Ancheta. Sadie remarks that this is the largest orchestra for which Mozart had yet composed in his career. It was not to be; the aristocracy showed no special interest in an ex‑prodigy now grown up, and—most tragic of all—during their stay Mozart’s mother fell seriously ill and died in early July. ... WOLFGANG AMADÈ MOZART (1756-1791) Symphony No. His greatest success of this period of time was the Paris Symphony. This was all the more easily accomplished in that the libretto was derived from that of an earlier French opera, Idomenée, whose libretto was written by Antoine Danchet for Campra in 1712. His books are available at the Symphony Store in Davies Symphony Hall. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756–1791)Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756–1791) While Mozart's favored instrument was the piano, he was also a highly accomplished s Violin Concerto No.5 in … Enhanced Program Notes: MOZART + HAYDN Portrait of Joseph Haydn by Thomas Hardy, 1791. 39 in E‑flat major, K.543. This artist, who from the tenderest age made a name for himself among harpsichord players, may today be ranked among the most able composers. The work was performed with great success by the Société Nationale de la Musique on December 22 and 23 that year under the direction of the Swiss conductor Gustave Doret. The symphony is laid out in fast-slow-fast form, omitting the Minuet normally found in classical-era symphonies: The first movement opens with a rising and accelerating D major scale in an effect known at the time as the Mannheim Rocket. 36 in C Major, K.425,“Linz”Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart When Mozart married Constanze Weber in August 1782, in Vienna, Mozart’s family saw her as their intellectual and social inferior. 41 is the last of a set of three that Mozart composed in rapid succession during the summer of 1788. The composer was then 22 years old. How he made use of that wonderful orchestra! The surviving fragments of what is now known as Symphony No. We are privileged to continue publishing his program notes. Serge Koussevitzky conducted the first Boston Symphony Orchestra performances of the overture on December 1 and 2, 1944. Both works have long been among the popular favorites of Tchaikovsky’s output—the 1812 overture with all its glorious bombast, and the Serenade for strings with its freshness and charm, its brilliant string writing, its graceful waltz of a character that Tchaikovsky made entirely his own, its richly expressive elegy, and its lively finale based on one of those Russian folk tunes that reiterates over and over a simple melodic gesture, allowing the composer to deploy his substantial skills as an arranger to ring the changes on the obstinate little fragment of tune that grows ever livelier. November 6, 2019. The score calls for flute, two each of clarinets, bassoons, horns, and trumpets, plus timpani and strings. Featuring: William Boughton, conductor Tai Murray, Violin. 25 in G Minor, K. 183 Mozart composed this symphony in 1773; it was first performed on October 5 of that year in Salzburg. Mozart’s attempt to improve his family’s situation during this difficult summer is clearly apparent in the “minor” works he was composing along with the three symphonies. Wolfgang Amadé Mozart (1756-1791) Mozart’s Symphony No. 38 in D major, K. 504, was composed by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart in late 1786. He had hoped to obtain financial stability through the performances of his operas, but The Marriage of Figaro achieved only nine performances during its season in the repertory (1786), partly, at least, because other, more influentially placed, composers had their own fish to fry and were not interested in supporting Mozart. Tickets: Adults: $40 Students (through college): $5 39 in E‑flat major, K.543. Royal College of Music, London. and he was writing a sheaf of piano concertos and other works. The freshness comes in part from the delicacy of the instrumentation, which is filled with wonderfully new effects, of which the brilliant splash of the harp glissando over a dissonant chord at the end of the first flute phrase is only the most obvious. By this time Mozart was familiar with all the standard operatic styles in Europe; he had seen the latest works and the current state of the most established operatic genre, opera seria, the tradition of which extended back to the previous century, with its string of da capo arias alternating with stretches of secco (“dry”) recitative containing the barest musical content, its near‑total lack of choruses or even small ensembles, and its use of male castratos singing in the soprano register as the principal heroes. Mozart thought he could enrich and revivify a form that had enjoyed a long and successful popularity but that was becoming stale and tradition‑ bound. Although it was a sensation in Prague in the fall of 1787, the first Vienna performances the following spring did not attract enough attention; the piece was simply too serious to suit the taste of the court. We can only be grateful that the symphonies were composed in any case. The overture was the last thing to be composed, probably just before the dress rehearsal on January 29, 1781 (the composer’s twenty‑fifth birthday). festa italiana! Sadie notes, reflecting on Leopold's remark given above, that indeed "Mozart's Paris Symphony is quite noisy. But when Mozart returned to Paris in the spring of 1778 with his mother in tow things very much did not go to plan. 4 IN D MAJOR, BMV 1069 Johann Sebastian Bach (1685-1750) But as it was, most of his remaining operas were in the genres of the German Singspiel or the Italian opera buffa, both of which had quite different traditions and requirements from the opera seria. 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