where is oxygen found

Scientists believe that oxygen was essentially absent from the Earth’s atmosphere when the planet was first created (around 4.5 billion years ago). Oxygen usually ranks third in the list of chemicals produced in the United States each year. It occurs both as the free element (in the atmosphere) and in the combined form (in the lithosphere and hydrosphere). The Gale Encyclopedia of Science. In this one respect, however, Lavoisier was wrong. It tends to break down and form dioxygen: Ozone does occur in fairly large amounts under special conditions. Although oxygen has nine isotopes, natural oxygen is a mixture of only three of these. Although English chemist Joseph Priestley (1733–1804) is generally credited with the discovery of oxygen in 1774, many science historians contend that Swedish chemist Carl Scheele (1742–1786) probably discovered oxygen a few years prior to Priestly. As altitude increases, the atmosphere is described as becoming "thinner." It is essential in very low concentrations for maintaining health in most animals. Cavette, Chris "Oxygen https://www.encyclopedia.com/science/news-wires-white-papers-and-books/oxygen-revised, "Oxygen (revised) Its abundance is estimated at about 45 percent in the earth. Forcing oxygen into the blood can reverse some of the damage. Its symbol is O, the atomic weight is 15.9994, the specific gravity is 1.10535 (compared to air), the melting point is -361°F (-218.4°C), and the boiling point is -297.4°F (-183°C). Animals breathe in oxygen and breathe out carbon dioxide. One of the best known of such reactions is the one that takes place between carbon and oxygen, to form (usually) carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide. His description of that experience has now become famous: A ntoine-Laurent Lavoisier (1743-94) is often called the father of modern chemistry. Photosynthesis uses energy from the sun to split water into oxygen and hydrogen. . Retrieved December 22, 2020 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/science/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/oxygen-1. Oxygen is the most abundant element on the Earth's surface. Its name comes from the French word for "acid-former," reflecting Lavoisier's incorrect belief that all acids contain oxygen. It is one of the life-sustaining elements on Earth and is needed by all animals. see also Lavoisier, Antoine; Priestley, Joseph; Scheele, Carl. Oxygen was discovered independently by the Swedish chemist Carl Scheele and the English chemist Joseph Priestley in the period 1773-1774. In the fractional distillation process, the components are gradually separated in several stages. Two Female Soldiers Found Dead In Texas. The strong smell of rotten eggs is due to the presence of this compound. ." Both kinds of torch produce temperatures in the range of 3,000°C (5,400°F) or more and can, therefore, be used to cut through or weld the great majority of metallic materials. It helps them get their energy back. Oxygen is a colorless, odorless, tasteless gas that is slightly soluble (1.2 cubic in [3.08 cubic cm] per 39.4 cu in [100 cubic cm] of water ) at room temperature . Oxygen is also used in the production of such metals as copper, lead, and zinc. The rusting of bridges , buildings, motor vehicles, tools, fences, and other structures is a major economic problem throughout the world. Retrieved December 22, 2020 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/science/news-wires-white-papers-and-books/oxygen-revised. Atmospheric pressure is inversely proportional to altitude. 22 Dec. 2020 . It makes up 20.948% of the atmosphere by volume and 45.5% of the lithosphere by weight. (December 22, 2020). The oxygen that we are most familiar with in the atmosphere has two atoms in every molecule. . Individuals whose oxygen concentration in their blood is lower than normal often require an oxygen concentrator to replace that oxygen. In his classic experiment, for example, Priestley heated red oxide of mercury (mercuric oxide; HgO) and found that he obtained liquid mercury and a new gas: 2HgO—heat → 2Hg + O2. Oxygen first appeared in the Earth’s atmosphere around 2 billion years ago, accumulating from the photosynthesis of blue-green algae. ." It makes up 20.948% of the atmosphere by volume and 45.5% of the lithosphere by weight. When he heated these compounds, he found that a gas was produced. Inorganic materials also react slowly with oxygen. In this step, the oxygen is used to react with the excess carbon, silicon, and metals remaining in the pig iron that must be removed in order to produce steel. Oxygen is the third most abundant element found in the Sun , after hydrogen and helium, and plays an important role in the carbon-nitrogen cycle. When plants and animals die, for example, the organic materials of which they are made slowly react with oxygen in the atmosphere. Yet, some early scholars believed otherwise. Under most circumstances in nature, the diatomic form of oxygen predominates. It is the most abundant element in Earth's crust, making up about one-quarter of the atmosphere by weight, about one-half of the lithosphere (Earth's crust), and about 85 percent of the hydrosphere (the oceans, lakes, and other forms of water). Therefore, be sure to refer to those guidelines when editing your bibliography or works cited list. Some scientists are now concerned about the possible depletion of the ozone layer in the upper stratosphere. When most of the nitrogen is gone, argon and neon also boil off, leaving an impure form of oxygen behind. The name oxygen is derived from two Greek words, oxys which means acid and genes which translate to forming. The ozone layer has recently been the subject of intense scientific interest to determine whether, and to what extent, it may be deteriorating, mainly from pollutants in the atmosphere. Production. 3 The pretreated air stream is split. It occurs both as a gas and also as part of a large number of compounds. His job was to visit homes and businesses and collect taxes. When oxygen is exposed to ultraviolet light, as from the Sun, or an electrical discharge, as from lightening, ozone (O3) is formed. This form of oxidation is known as decay. How Products Are Made. . Oxygen occurs in all kinds of minerals. It is the third most abundant element found in the sun and the earth, and it plays a part in the carbon-nitrogen cycle. Nitrogen forms five oxides: nitrous oxide (N2O), nitric oxide (NO), dinitrogen trioxide (N2O3), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and dinitrogen pentoxide (N2O5). Both are obtained as a by-product of the electrolytic refining of copper. Less than a decade later, Lavoisier had reason to regret that decision. The other elements in these compounds are nitrogen, sulfur, or phosphorus plus one other element. However, the date of retrieval is often important. Marat had become a leader in the French Revolution (1774-1815). A small amount of these impurities may be desirable in steel, but too much makes it brittle and unusable. https://www.encyclopedia.com/science/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/oxygen-0, "Oxygen Hydrogen forms at the negative terminal and oxygen at the positive terminal. Isotopes: Two or more forms of the same element with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons in the atomic nucleus. Allotrope —One of two or more forms of an element. Oxygen is the 8 th element on the periodic table. It is a member of the chalcogen group in the periodic table, a highly reactive nonmetal, and an oxidizing agent that readily forms oxides with most elements as well as with other compounds. In fact, ancient peoples thought air must be an "element." In a related way, the goal of enhanced oxygen transport has been the reason for the development of synthetic versions of EPO, used as the primary blood-doping agent. Greatest depths can become so oxygen poor 650 kPa or 6.5 atm ) in a of. The explanation he discovered for the survival of marine organisms first is far... Some organic solvents, such as starc… Jump to search four major categories: metallurgy, rocketry, chemical gases. Significant improvements to the structure and functioning of all where is oxygen found in this group include sulfur, phosphorus, manganese and... Of about −196°C ( −320°F ), is an example, oxygen and the air, but in a of... 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